Summary of pages 213-220

The text is about the advantages and cons of studying abroad. Studying in foreign countries can help  provide you with skills in everyday English that can be useful in such fields as buisness and politics. You will be more sofiicated in the international workplace. You also get to understand and experience other cultures in a new and different way. On the other hand, there are things as culture shock and homesickness. These things can occur if the culture is too different, the natives are unfriendly or unhelpful, or perhaps if you miss your frinds, family and culture. Money is also an issue here since it is quite expensive. you can of cource loan money from the Norwegian State Education Loan Found and provide grants for study abroad, but the loans have to be paid back.

The text is also about the positive and neagtive effects of migration. The problems can be that the migrants often will work in conditons that native workers would not accept and by law cannot accept. they may work for less pay and aslo bacome a part of the "black economy". Also pressure on welfare systems because of migrants can be a problem. But foreign workers can raise the skills of certain trades, introduce new techniques into established trades ans supplement trades where the domestic supply of skilled workers cannot meet the demands of the market.

The question i think you will have to ask yourself if you are thinking of studying abroud is; are you independent enough? Because even if you are very extrovert and smiling, it is always hard and perhaps lonley in the beginning. (in a new country)

3b page 211

Text 1) The first text is written in a very formal language, e.g.  English is the linguistic means to the education and career end. This text can be an example of a persuasive text. The text is also objective.

Text 2) The second text is written in informal language, e.g. so i find I'm helping them with their English, and is an evaluation of the English subject (by a student). It is written in an expressive style.

spot checks page 112

a) What percentage of the UK population is of New Commonwealth heritage? 
The New Commonwealth make up more than ten per cent of Britain's population. London has the largest concentration with more that thirty per cent of its population of the New Commonwealth. 

b) Why is the US referred to as a "Nation of Nations"?
The US is referred to as a "Nation of Nations" because of the massive immigration that has created a patchwork quilt of nationalities spread across the continent.

c) What is the difference between a community and an association?
 In a community people are as a large family or tribe, held together by blood, language, territory, history and common values. You only truly  belong if you are born here. In an association they serve the interest of its members and held together by a common set of rules and laws. All are equal in an association, it is citizenship, not birth, that determines who belong unlike the community, where you only belong if you are born there.

d) Why do some belive that multiculturism has gone too far?
Some belive that it threatens central values and characteristics of the nation. They call for cultural minorities to assimilate as quickly as possible, by which they mean take on the same traditions, language and values they belive are held by the majority.


e) Why do some belive that multiculturism has not gone far enough?
Others belive that minority cultures are under pressure to conform from an established majority which does not recognize them as equals. They do not think it is necessary for ethnic minorities to give up their cultural identity in order to belong to the nation, each cultural group has a right to its own individual existence.

Spot checks page 115

a) What kind of jobs did many New Commonwealth immigrants to the UK get?
The commonwealth helped provide workers to take jobs in Britain's booming post-war economy. The immigrants found themselves at the very bottom of the social system.

b) Why have some of the New Commonwealth heritage felt frustratedin the UK?
Because some of the disadvantages the immigants got, were passed on to their children. This led to ethnic communities in which some felt excluded from the wider British society.

c) How have New Ethnic minorities contributed to British society?
Ethnic cultural contribution include new forms of music like Bhangra and Hindi fusion from Indian roots or Reggae from the Caribbean and West Africa. Also new celebrations have been established.

d)Why do some britains wish to end "state mlticulturism"?
Some Britains wish to end "state multiculturism because they belive it encourages the seperation of the cultures that isolates themselves.

e) What is meant by the term "beyond multiculturism"?
It means creating a society which both assures respect for minority cultures, as well as assuring their continued integration into the nation.

Spot checks 210 + task 2 page 211

a)   There are 214 million people in the world that have moved from their own country to live in another.

b)   The reasons why people immigrant can be many, but some important ones can be because of war, education abroad, work or a better future.

c)    In 2010 there were 13 555 thousand Norwegian students who studied abroad.

d)   The UK is a preferred place to study for Norwegians because of the top-level universities and only a brief distance by flight.

e)   Positive effects of Europe´s high degree of mobility of workers are that they can support their families, workers can go where the jobs are and contribute with their labour.

Negative effects of Europe´s high degree of mobility of workers are; it has made it harder to get a job and domestic workforces can feel threatened by a heavy influx of foreign workers, who may be willing to work for lower wages. 

in 2014 there were 17 000 Norwegian students studying abroad.  

http://www.ssb.no/en/utdanning/statistikker/utuvh/aar/2015-05-04

Tasks

2 a)

•  The gender trends of Norwegians studying abroad are that there are a higher number of females. 

• There were more Norwegian studens studying abroad in 2000/01 compared to 2009/10. I am not sure of the reason for this. Maybe young people are more scared now, people are more dependent of their parents. and maybe the prices were different (not that expensive).

 b)   - There are more women who's studying abroad. 

       -  People took more risks in 2000/2001.

       - UK is the most popular country to go to study.